Concussions are a common occurrence in sports. It is important for not only the certified athletic trainer, but also for coaches and parents to understand the signs and symptoms of a concussion and the impact it can have on the athletes.
Usually concussions are caused by a direct blow to the head, face, or neck, causing a change in the mental status of the athlete. Symptoms of a concussion include but are not limited to headache, nausea, visual disturbances, balance problems, confusion, and ringing in the ears.
Athletes who experience any signs or symptoms of a concussion need to be immediately withdrawn from athletic participation for further evaluation.
Athletes who experience an increase in symptoms, loss of consciousness, seizures, irregular pupil reactions, or any changes in vital signs should be sent to the hospital immediately to rule out more severe injuries.
When sending a concussed athlete home, they should be given written instructions that should be explained to both the athlete and a parent/guardian, or roommate. These instructions should instruct the athlete that they should not take any pain medication (to prevent masking of an increase in symptoms), if any signs or symptoms worsen they should go to the hospital, they should not drive or drink alcohol.
Under no circumstance should a concussed athlete participate in any physical activity until all signs and symptoms subside.
